Javascript

Miscellaneous

Using // for 1 line comment, /* */ for multi-line comments
JS can be execute without ; but it’s minified need to be ;
Variable and function name are case sensitive
Variables/functions should be names with format camel case (nameOfVariable)
- Name a constant: const FAV_PET = 'Cat'
- UpperCamelCase should be used by conversion for ES6 class names.
Using \ for special characters, for example \" for " inside double quote

Practice directly on the browser

Open the browser (I use Brave), press F12 to open Inspect window, then choose tab Console. Now you can practice on this console window, for example, try with console.log("Hello World") end press Enter

ES6

“ES” = “ECMScript” ~ “Javascript”
Most of browser use ES6 but not all
ES6 = ES2015
New feature: Arrow Function, Classes, Modules, Promise, Generator, let and const
Read more about ES on w3schools.

Concise things

// Concise Object Literal Declaration
const getMousePosition = (x, y) => ({ x, y });

// Concise Declarative Functions
const persons = {
  name: 'Nam Nguyen',
  sayHello() {
    return `Hello. My name is ${this.name}`; // Hello. My Name is Nam Nguyen
  }
};

Getters and setters

class Book {
  constructor(author) {
    this._author = author;
  }

  // getter
  get author() {
    return this._author;
  }

  // setter
  set author(author) {
    this._author = author;
  }
}

const book = new Book('anonymous');
console.log(book.author); // anonymous

const add = (x, y) => x + y;
const subtract = (x, y) => x - y;

export { add, subtract };

export default function (x, y) {
  return x + y;
}

import { add, subtract } from './calculator.js'; // only add, subtract
import * as everthing from './calculator.js'; // everything
import anything from './calculator.js'; // import default

Declare variables & scope

var name; // global scope
let age; // ES6, block scope (inside {} or function,...)
const PI = 3.14; // ES6 can't be changed

function funcName() {
  let nameInFuc = 'anonymous';
}

console.log(nameInFuc); // undefined

Difference between var, let, const

Multi-column

var scope

var a = 1;
var a = 2; // ok a = 2 now
a = 5; // ok a = 5 now

let scope

let c = 1;
let c = 2; // error, this variable is declared
c = 3; // ok, c = 3 now

Multi-column

const scope

const b = 1;
const b = 2; // error
b = 2; // error

const scope

const s = [1, 2, 3];
s = [1, 2, 3, 4]; // error
s[1] = 3; // OK

Output

// print output
console.log('Hello World');

// print error message
console.error('Simple Error');

// print warning message
console.warn('Simple Warning');

// print a table
console.table({ a: 1, b: 2 });

// group content in a separate block
console.group('simple');
console.log('Output here');
console.error('Error here');
console.groupEnd();

Special operators

`||` vs `??`

|| check false values
?? check null or undefined

const a = 0 || 1; // output 1
const b = 0 ?? 1; // output 0
const c = false || 1; // output 1
const d = false ?? 1; // output false
const e = null || 1; // output 1
const f = null || 1; // output 1

`async`, `await`, `promise`

You don’t need use try/catch in every async/await. You only need to do it at the top level

Sync vs Async

Sync

In synchronous programming, operations are performed one after the other, in sequence. Each line of code needs to wait for the previous one to finish before proceeding to the next.

console.log('Hi');
console.log('Nam');
console.log('How are you?');

// output
// Hi
// Nam
// How are you?

Async

Asynchronous programming, on the other hand, allow multiple tasks to run independently of each other. A task can be initiated and while waiting for it to complete, other tasks can proceed.

console.log('Hi');
setTimeout(() => console.log('Nam'), 3000);
console.log('How are you?');

// output
// Hi
// How are you?
// Nam

Time difference `Promise all` && `async...await`

const data = await Promise.all([timeout(3000), timeout(2000), timeout(1000)]);
//                              delay 1       delay 2         delay 3
// ms ------ 1s ------ 2s ------- 3s
// ============================== 0 delay 1
// =================== 0 delay 2
// ========= 0 delay 3
// ============================== Promise all (executed in 3s)

await timeout(3000);
await timeout(2000);
await timeout(1000);
// -- delay 1 ------------ delay 2 ------------ delay 3
// ms -- 1s ---- 2s ---- 3s ---- 4s ---- 5s ---- 6s
// ===================== 0 delay 1
// ===================================== 0 delay 2
// ============================================= 0 delay 3
// ============================================= async...await executed 6s

Note: If there is no data dependency you should use Promise.all